Depressive and anxiety symptomatology among people with asthma or atopic dermatitis: A population-based investigation using the UK Biobank data.

The present study investigated the association of depression and anxiety symptomatology (DAS) with asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis during mid-adult years. The study employed data from 502,641 participants in the UK Biobank. Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratios (NLRs) of patients with asthma and AD were calculated and evaluated in relation to DAS, measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Age of asthma or AD onset association with DAS were also estimated. Multivariable regression analyses were implemented among participants with asthma or AD, compared to those without these disorders. Out of 58,833 participants with asthma and 13,462 with AD, the prevalence of DAS was 11.7% and 2.7%, respectively. DAS increased among participants with either asthma or AD, being highest within patients having both (ß = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.34,0.49). NLR showed a linear increase with PHQ scores in asthma patients, (tertile 1, ß = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.27,0.34; tertile 2, ß = 0.36, 95%CI, 0.32,0.39, and tertile 3, ß = 0.43, 95%CI, 0.39,0.46). An inverted U-shaped association was seen between age of asthma onset and PHQ, with the 40-59 age group (ß = 0.54, 95%CI, 0.48,0.59) showing the highest risk followed by the 60+ (ß = 0.43, 95%CI, 0.34,0.51 and 20-39 groups (ß = 0.32, 95%CI, 0.27,0.38). Similar patterns emerged within AD. Asthma and AD were associated with increased DAS during mid-adult years, being strongest among participants reporting both disorders. A dose-response relationship between NLR and DAS was observed. Asthma or AD onset during mid-adult years (40-59) were associated with the highest increment in DAS.

El papel de las intervenciones biomédicas en la prevención del VIH: la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) / The role of biomedical interventions in HIV prevention: pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

La transmisión del VIH sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Estrategias tradicionales de prevención como la educación sexual, el cribado y el inicio precoz de tratamiento antirretroviral, a pesar de ser efectivas, resultan insuficientes para el control de las nuevas infecciones. En este contexto, se ha propuesto la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) como estrategia preventiva. Actualmente, se ha demostrado ampliamente que la administración de fármacos antirretrovirales en personas expuestas y no infectadas por VIH puede reducir el riesgo de transmisión sin asociarse a inconvenientes significativos. A pesar de haber demostrado su eficacia para la prevención de nuevas infecciones, la PrEP sigue siendo un tema controvertido, especialmente su coste-efectividad, y no se ha conseguido acceso unánime a los grupos de mayor riesgo de infección. Por ello, y basándonos en la evidencia actual, planteamos que el debate no debería ser si la PrEP es coste-eficaz, sino las posibles repercusiones de implementarla

HIV infection remains an important public health problem worldwide. The traditional preventive measures, such as sexual education, screening, and early antiretroviral treatment initiation, despite having shown their effectiveness, are not enough to control new infections. In this context, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been investigated as a preventive measure. Currently, it has been extensively documented that the administration of antiretroviral treatment in an HIV exposed, but not infected population, could reduce the risk of transmission without significant drawbacks. Despite its high efficacy for HIV prevention, the use of PrEP remains a controversial measure, particularly its cost-effectiveness. For this reason, the access to PrEP is not available for all the HIV risk groups. Therefore, and based on the evidence found, the current approach must be the repercussions of not to implement PrEP, more than its cost or its effectiveness

[The role of biomedical interventions in HIV prevention: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)]. / El papel de las intervenciones biomédicas en la prevención del VIH: la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP).

HIV infection remains an important public health problem worldwide. The traditional preventive measures, such as sexual education, screening, and early antiretroviral treatment initiation, despite having shown their effectiveness, are not enough to control new infections. In this context, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been investigated as a preventive measure. Currently, it has been extensively documented that the administration of antiretroviral treatment in an HIV exposed, but not infected population, could reduce the risk of transmission without significant drawbacks. Despite its high efficacy for HIV prevention, the use of PrEP remains a controversial measure, particularly its cost-effectiveness. For this reason, the access to PrEP is not available for all the HIV risk groups. Therefore, and based on the evidence found, the current approach must be the repercussions of not to implement PrEP, more than its cost or its effectiveness.

Una década del Registro de Artroplastias de Cataluña (RACat): exhaustividad, variabilidad y supervivencia de las prótesis entre 2005 y 2014 / A decade of the Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat): variability, exhaustivity, and survival of prostheses between 2005 and 2014

Antecedentes y objetivo. El Registro de Artroplastias de Cataluña (RACat) es un registro poblacional basado en el sistema sanitario público para analizar y evaluar artroplastias de cadera y rodilla en Cataluña. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados tras 10 años de funcionamiento (de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2014). Metodología. A partir de la información del RACat y del conjunto mínimo básico de datos al alta hospitalaria, se analizó la calidad y exhaustividad de los datos y se realizaron análisis descriptivos de pacientes, prótesis y proceso asistencial. Además, se analizó la supervivencia calculando la incidencia acumulada de revisión (según causa de intervención en artroplastias de cadera y preservación o sacrificio del ligamento cruzado posterior en artroplastia de rodilla) y la asociación entre riesgo de revisión y técnica de fijación de las prótesis como modelos de riesgos competitivos ajustados por sexo, edad y comorbilidad. Resultados. El principal motivo de intervención en artroplastias primarias de cadera y rodilla fue la artrosis. La incidencia acumulada de revisión a los 10 años fue del 3,9% en artroplastias de cadera causadas por artrosis y del 2,3% en las causadas por fractura. Las artroplastias de rodilla que conservan el ligamento cruzado posterior son el 4,4% y las que no lo conservan, el 5,1%. Discusión. El RACat se consolida como herramienta para la evaluación de las artroplastias con gran potencial en el análisis de la efectividad a medio y largo plazo, el estudio de la variabilidad de la práctica clínica y la vigilancia poscomercialización (AU)

Background and aim. The Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat) is a public health-based population register used to analyse and evaluate hip and knee replacements in Catalonia. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes after 10 years in operation (January 2005-December 2014). Methodology. Using the information from the RACat and the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge, an analysis was made of the quality and exhaustivity of the data, as well as a descriptive analysis of the patients, prostheses, and care process. Survival was also analysed by calculating the accumulated incidence of revisions (according to the cause of intervention in hip replacements and conservation or sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in knee replacement). The relationship between revision risk and the fixation technique of the prosthesis is also analysed, using competitive risk models adjusted for gender, age, and comorbidities. Results. The main reason for the primary hip and knee replacement surgery was arthrosis. The accumulated incidence of revisions at 10 years was 3.9% in hip replacements caused by arthrosis, and 2.3% in those caused by fracture. Conservation of the posterior cruciate ligament was achieved in 4.4% of knee replacements, with sacrifice in 5.1%. Discussion. The RACat is consolidated as a tool for the evaluation of joint replacements, with great potential in the analysis of medium and long-term efficacy, the study of the variability in clinical practice, and post-marketing surveillance (AU)

A decade of the Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat): Variability, exhaustivity, and survival of prostheses between 2005 and 2014. / Una década del Registro de Artroplastias de Cataluña (RACat): exhaustividad, variabilidad y supervivencia de las prótesis entre 2005 y 2014.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat) is a public health-based population register used to analyse and evaluate hip and knee replacements in Catalonia. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes after 10 years in operation (January 2005-December 2014). METHODOLOGY: Using the information from the RACat and the minimum basic data set at hospital discharge, an analysis was made of the quality and exhaustivity of the data, as well as a descriptive analysis of the patients, prostheses, and care process. Survival was also analysed by calculating the accumulated incidence of revisions (according to the cause of intervention in hip replacements and conservation or sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in knee replacement). The relationship between revision risk and the fixation technique of the prosthesis is also analysed, using competitive risk models adjusted for gender, age, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The main reason for the primary hip and knee replacement surgery was arthrosis. The accumulated incidence of revisions at 10 years was 3.9% in hip replacements caused by arthrosis, and 2.3% in those caused by fracture. Conservation of the posterior cruciate ligament was achieved in 4.4% of knee replacements, with sacrifice in 5.1%. DISCUSSION: The RACat is consolidated as a tool for the evaluation of joint replacements, with great potential in the analysis of medium and long-term efficacy, the study of the variability in clinical practice, and post-marketing surveillance.